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Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)
The Mass Rapid Transit, or MRT, is a rapid transit system forming the major component of the railway system in Singapore, spanning the entire city-state. The initial section of the MRT, between Yio Chu Kang and Toa Payoh, opened on 7 November 1987, making it the second-oldest metro system in Southeast Asia, after Manila's LRT System. The network has since grown rapidly in accordance with Singapore's aim of developing a comprehensive rail network as the backbone of the public transport system in Singapore, with an average daily ridership of 2.899 million in 2014, approximately 77% of the bus network's 3.751 million in the same period.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = Land Transport Authority )〕
The MRT network encompasses of route, with 113 stations in operation, on standard gauge. The lines are built by the Land Transport Authority, a statutory board of the Government of Singapore, which allocates operating concessions to the profit-based corporations, SMRT Corporation and SBS Transit. These operators also run bus and taxi services, thus facilitating full integration of public transport services. The MRT is complemented by a small number of regional Light Rail Transit (LRT) networks in Bukit Panjang, Sengkang and Punggol that link MRT stations with HDB public housing estates.〔Land Transport Authority, Singapore 1996, p. 8.〕 Services operate from about 5:30 am and usually end before 1 a.m. daily with trains arriving approximately every 1 to 2 minutes during rush hours and at least every 6 minutes at all other times. Service hours are extended on Fridays, eve of public holidays and during festive periods such as Chinese New Year, Deepavali and Hari Raya Puasa.
==History==
(詳細はSharp 2005, p. 66〕 Following a debate on whether a bus-only system would be more cost-effective, Lee Kuan Yew, then Prime Minister of Singapore came to the conclusion that an all-bus system would be inadequate, as it would have to compete for road space in a land-scarce country.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=1982 – The Year Work Began )〕 The initial S$5 billion construction of the Mass Rapid Transit network was Singapore's largest public works project at the time, starting on 22 October 1983 at Shan Road.〔Mass Rapid Transit Corporation, Singapore 1988, pp. 8–9〕 The network was built in stages, with the North South Line given priority because it passed through the Central Area that has a high demand for public transport. The Mass Rapid Transit Corporation (MRTC), later renamed as SMRT Corporation — was established on 14 October 1983; it took over the roles and responsibilities of the former provisional Mass Rapid Transit Authority.〔 On 7 November 1987, the first section of the North South Line started operations, consisting of five stations over six kilometres.〔 Fifteen more stations were opened later, and the MRT system was officially launched on 12 March 1988 by Lee Kuan Yew. Another 21 stations were subsequently added to the system; the opening of Boon Lay on the East West Line on 6 July 1990 marked the completion of the system two years ahead of schedule.〔Mass Rapid Transit Corporation, Singapore 1988, p. 10.〕〔Sharp 2005, p. 109.〕
The MRT has subsequently been expanded. This includes a S$1.2 billion expansion of the North South Line into Woodlands, completing a continuous loop on 10 February 1996.〔Sharp 2005, p. 110〕 The concept of having rail lines that bring people almost directly to their homes led to the introduction of the Light Rail Transit (LRT) lines connecting with the MRT network.〔〔Sharp 2005, p. 122.〕 On 6 November 1999, the first LRT trains on the Bukit Panjang LRT went into operation. In 2002, the Changi Airport and Expo stations were added to the MRT network. The North East Line, the first line operated by SBS Transit, opened on 20 June 2003, one of the first fully automated heavy rail lines in the world. On 15 January 2006, after intense lobbying by the public, Buangkok station was opened. The Boon Lay Extension of the East West Line, consisting of Pioneer and Joo Koon stations, began revenue service on 28 February 2009. The Circle Line opened in four stages from 28 May 2009 to 14 January 2012. Stage 1 of Downtown Line opened on 22 December 2013 with its official opening made on 21 December 2013 by Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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